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Dr. Daniel Shapiro
Executive Director
Chief Financial Officer
Institute for the Study of Learning
and
Expertise (ISLE)
dgs at isle.org
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Education
Ph.D., M.S., Management Science and Engineering, Stanford
University
S.M., EE&CS, MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
A.B. Chemistry, UC Santa Cruz
Recent Activities
The
Icarus Architecture embodies a general theory of cognition. I have been developing it continuously
since the late 1990s.
Value
Driven Design is a systems engineering methodology that promises to radically
improve the quality and greatly reduce the production costs of large-scale
complex systems (such as aircraft and spacecraft). I have been pursuing a simulation-based investigation that
incorporates organizational models, and value driven decision-making agents.
The
DARPA Transfer Learning project developed technology that acquired knowledge in
one domain and applied it to improve performance in another. I directed this multi-university, $8.3M
basic research effort.
The
Innovative Applications of AI conference promotes the transition of AI
technology into practice. I
chaired IAAI-11 and co-chaired IAAI-10.
Over
the last four years I have edited five special issues of AI Magazine, as a
means of building research communities around new and innovative work.
Research
My research surrounds advanced autonomy and general theories of cognition. I work on cognitive architectures for intelligent agents, the technologies underlying those architectures, and on applications of intelligent artifacts. I am a principle author of the Icarus architecture, which is a framework for constructing agents that pursue complex tasks in dynamic environments. I am interested in research on agent motivation, and in establishing trust between artificial agents and their human users. I work with a variety of tools and technologies that enable intelligent agents, e.g., explanation based learning, reinforcement learning, logical inference, reactive programming, decision theory, and operations research, as well as on a variety of tasks that employ intelligent artifacts, such as transfer learning, problem solving, and human-machine spoken dialogue.
I am the president of Applied Reactivity,
Inc., a company I formed to take my work on value driven agents out of academia
and into application. I have been
a Senior Researcher at the Stanford
University Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), and am currently
an affiliate of its Computational Learning Laboratory (CLL).
Publications
Dissertation
Shapiro, D., Value-driven agents, Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, Department of Management Science and Engineering. (2001). [Abstract | Full Text]
Books
and Journals, edited
Shapiro, D. and Fromherz, M.
(eds.), AI Magazine Special Issue on the 2011 Innovative Applications of
Artificial Intelligence Conference.
AAAI Press (to appear).
Shapiro, D., Muñoz-Avila, H.,
and Stracuzzi, D. (eds.), AI Magazine Special Issue on Structured Knowledge
Transfer, Spring 2011. AAAI Press.
·
Shapiro,
D., Muñoz-Avila, H., and Stracuzzi, D. (eds.), AI Magazine Special Issue on
Structured Knowledge Transfer, Part 2.
Summer 2011. AAAI Press.
·
Rychtyckyj,
N., and Shapiro, D. (eds.), AI Magazine Special Issue on the 2010 Innovative
Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference. AAAI Press.
Summer 2011.
·
Shapiro,
D., and Göker, M. (eds.), AI Magazine Special Issue on Advancing AI Research
and Applications by Learning from What Went Wrong and Why. AAAI Press, Summer 2008.
·
Ramos,
C., Augusto, J., and Shapiro, D. (eds.). IEEE Intelligent Systems Special Issue
on Ambient Intelligence, Vol. 23, No. 2.
Mar./Apr. 2008.
·
Remagnino,
P., and Shapiro, D. (eds.), Computational Intelligence: Special Issue on
Artificial Intelligence Methods for Ambient Intelligence Volume 23 Issue 4,
November 2007.
·
Augusto,
J., and Shapiro, D. (eds.), Advances in Ambient Intelligence. (2007). IOS
press. ISBN 978-1-58603-800-7
Some recent papers:
Shapiro, D. The
Social Agency Problem. (2011) Association for the Advancement of Artificial
Intelligence, Fall Symposium Workshop on Advances in Cognitive Systems.
·
Stracuzzi,
D., Fern, A., Ali, K., Hess, R., Pinto, J., Li, N., Könik, T., and Shapiro,
D. Transfer of Learning in American Football: From Observation of Raw
Video to Control in a Simulated Environment. AI Magazine Special Issue on Structured Knowledge Transfer,
Part 2. Summer 2011.
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Könik,
K., Ali, K., Shapiro, D., Li, N., and Stracuzzi, D. Improving Structural Knowledge Transfer with Parametric Adaptation
(2010). The 23rd Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference
(FLAIRS-23), Daytona Beach, Florida.
·
Könik,
T., O’Rorke, P., and Shapiro, D.
Skill Transfer through Goal-Driven Representation Mapping. Cognitive Systems Research, Special Issue on
Analogies - Integrating Cognitive Abilities, Vol. 10, No. 3, September
2009. PDF
·
Li,
N., Stracuzzi, D., Cleveland, G., Könik, T., Nejati, N., Shapiro, D.,
Molineaux, M., and Aha, D. (2009). Constructing
Game Agents from Video of Human Behavior, Proceedings of the Fifth AAAI
Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment
(AIIDE), Stanford, CA. PDF
·
Ali,
K., Leung, K., Könik, K., Choi, D., and Shapiro, D. (2009). Knowledge-Directed
Theory Revision, Nineteenth International Conference on Inductive Logic
Programming, Leuven, Belgium.
·
Shapiro,
D., Könik, K., and O’Rorke, P. (2008). Achieving
Far Transfer in an Integrated Cognitive Architecture, Proceedings of the
Twenty-third Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial
Intelligence, Chicago, IL. PDF
·
Billman,D., Shapiro, D., & Cummings, K. (2005)
Processes in Diagnostic Reasoning: Information Use in Causal Explanations. In
Program of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science
Society. pp. 262-267,
Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ. PDF
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Shapiro,
D., & Collopy, P. (2004). Communicating values to autonomous agents.
Stanford Spring Symposium on Interaction between Humans and Autonomous Systems
over Extended Operation. PDF
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Ichise,
R., Shapiro, D., Langley, P. (2004). Structured program induction from
behavioral traces, IEICE Transactions on
Information and Systems, Vol. J87-D-1, No. 6, pp. 730-740 (in Japanese).
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.
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Langley,
P., Cummings, K., & Shapiro, D. (2004). Hierarchical skills and cognitive
architectures. Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference of the
Cognitive Science Society. Chicago, IL.
PDF
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Choi,
D., Kaufman, M., Langley, P., Nejati, N., & Shapiro, D. (2004). An
architecture for persistent reactive behavior. Proceedings of the Third
International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi Agent Systems.
New York: ACM Press. PDF
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Langley,
P., Shapiro, D., Aycinena, M., & Siliski, M. (2003). A value-driven
architecture for intelligent behavior. Proceedings of the IJCAI-2003 Workshop
on Cognitive Modeling of Agents and Multi-Agent Interactions. Acapulco, Mexico.
PDF
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Shapiro,
D., & Gervasio, M. (2003). Adaptive interfaces for value driven agents.
Stanford Spring Symposium on Human Interaction with Autonomous Systems in
Complex Environments. PDF
·
Shapiro,
D., & Langley, P. (2002). Separating skills from preference: using learning
to program by reward. Nineteenth International Conference on Machine Learning. PDF
·
Bay,
S., Shapiro, D., & Langley, P. (2002). Revising engineering models:
combining computational discovery with knowledge. European Conference on
Machine Learning. PDF
·
Ichise,
R., Shapiro, D., & Langley, P. (2002). Learning hierarchical skills from
observation. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Discovery
Science. PDF
·
Shapiro,
D., & Shachter, R. (2002). User-agent value alignment. Stanford Spring
Symposium, Workshop on Safe Learning Agents. Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
PDF
·
Shapiro,
D., Langley, P., & Shachter, R. (2001). Using background knowledge to speed reinforcement learning,
Fifth International Conference on Autonomous Agents. PDF
Professional Service
Chair, Innovative Applications of
Artificial Intelligence 2011
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Co-Chair, Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2010
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Program
Committee, Advances in Cognitive Systems. AAAI Fall Symposium, 2011.
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Editorial
board, Journal of Ambient Intelligence
and Smart Environments (JAISE)
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Editorial
board, Journal of Interesting Negative
Results in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning
(JINR)
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Program
Committee, Goal Directed Autonomy Workshop,
AAAI 2010
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Program
Committee, 5th Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for
Ambient Intelligence (AITAmI’10), Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
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Program
Committee, IAAI-08, IAAI-09
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Program
Committee, 4th Workshop on Artificial
Intelligence Techniques for Ambient Intelligence, Barcelona, Spain, 2009
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Co-chair,
3rd Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Ambient Intelligence,
European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Patras, Greece, 2008
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Co-chair,
2nd Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Ambient Intelligence,
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Hyderabad, India,
2007
·
Co-chair,
Artificial
Intelligence Techniques for Ambient Intelligence workshop, European Conference
on Artificial Intelligence, 2006.
·
Chair,
What
Went Wrong and Why:Lessons from AI Research and Applications workshop, AAAI Stanford Spring
Symposium, 2006
·
Chair,
Persistent
Assistants: Living and Working with AI, AAAI Stanford Spring
Symposium, 2005
·
Symposium on Learning and
Motivation in Cognitive Architectures, CSLI, Stanford University,
3/22-3/23, 2003. Co-organizer with Pat Langley and John Laird.
·
Co-chair,
Safe
Learning Agents
workshop, AAAI Stanford Spring Symposium, 2002.
·
Program
Committee, International Conference on Machine Learning, 2002.
Teaching
I
occasionally teach a class on Cognitive Architectures through the Stanford Symbolics
Systems Program, which surveys
the field of cognitive architectures and provides students with a hands-on
experience using such systems. I
developed a three quarter series on Artificial Intelligence through the
Management Science and Engineering department at Stanford, and a course on
decision theory in public policy through the Public Administration Department
at California State College in Hayward.
I have taught Lisp programming, computer architecture, and software
engineering. Many years ago, I
organized an interdisciplinary study group that supplied the technical
background for a science fiction book; Flight of the Dragonfly, by Bob Forward
(Timescape, 1984).
For Fun
My pet pumpkins I grow giant vegetables for competitions and for fun.
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Our
wedding cake and the MacShapiro Tartan It is a long story. You will have to ask.
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Glass
Blowing
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Scottish
country dance
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Knee
falls and toe dancing
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With
my Tuvan throat-singing instructor in Mongolia
